Genus

Halosphaeria

Species

appendiculata

Author

Linder, 1944. Falowia, 1: 412.

Class

Sordariomycetes, Subclass Hypocreomycetidae

Order

Microascales

Family

Halosphaeriaceae

Synonymy: = Palomyces Höhnk, Veröffentlichungen des Institutes für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven 3: 212 (1955)

Description

Type species:

Halosphaeria appendiculata Linder, 1944. Falowia, 1: 412.

= Palomyces Höhnk, Veröffentlichungen des Institutes für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven 3: 212 (1955)

Sexual morph: saprobic, Ascomata 140-330 µm high, 140-500 µm in diameter, globose or subglobose, ellipsoidal, immersed erumpent, ostiolate, papillate, coriaceous or membranous, pale to dark brown to black, solitary or gregarious, catenophyses deliquescing. Asci: 50-108 x 10-24 µm, 8-spored, clavate or subfusiform, pedunculate, unitunicate, thin-walled, deliquescing early. Ascospores: (16-) 18-29 x (6-) 8-12 µm, ellipsoidal, 1-septate, hyaline, with 3-4 spoon-shaped equatorial appendages and one at each end of the spore (Description based on Kohlmeyer & Kohlmeyer (1979)).

Key references:

Johnson RG, Jones EBG, Moss ST (1984) Taxonomic studies of the Halosphaeriaceae: Remispora Linder, Marinospora Cavaliere and Carbosphaerella Schmidt. Botanica Marina 27: 557 566.

Johnson RG, Jones EBG, Moss ST (1987) Taxonomic studies of the Halosphaeriaceae: Ceriosporopsis, Haligena and Appendichordella gen. nov. Canadian Journal of Botany 65: 931-942.

Jones EBG, Johnson RG, Moss ST (1983a) Taxonomic studies of the Halosphaeriaceae: Corollospora Werdmann. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 87: 193-212.

Jones EBG, Johnson RG, Moss ST (1983b) Ocostaspora apilongissima gen. et sp. nov: A new marine Pyrenomycete from wood. Botanica Marina 24: 353-360.

Jones EBG, Moss,ST, Cuomo V (1983c) Spore appaendage development in the lignicolous marine Pyrenomycetes Chaetosphaeria chaetosa and Halosphaeria trullifera. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 80: 193-2000.

Jones EBG, Johnson RG, Moss ST (1984) Taxonomic studies of the Halosphaeriaceae: Halosphaeria Linder. Botanica Marina 27: 129-143.

Jones EBG, Ju WT, Lu CL, Guo SY, Pang KL (2017) The Halosphaeriaceae revisited. Botanica Marina DOI 10.1515/bot-2016-0113.

Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Mckenzie EHC, Huang SK, Abdel-Wahab MA et al. (2015) Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomcyetes. Fungal Diversity 72: 199-299.

Sakayaroj J, Pang KL, Jones EBG (2011) Multi-gene phylogeny of the Halosphaeriaceae: its ordinal status, relationships between genera and morphological character evolution. Fungal Divers. 46: 87–109.

Type & Location:

Other Specimens:

Substratum:

saprobic on intertidal, submerged and driftwood, bark, and test blocks submerged in the sea, also palm material. Collected on wide range of timber species.

Habitat:

Distribution:

Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Canada, Chile, Denmark, France, Hawaii, Iceland, Germany, India, Japan, Spain, Yugoslavia, UK, USA.

Pertinent Literature:

Comments:

NOTES: Halosphaeria appendiculata is probably one of the most collected marine fungi, especially in cooler waters. It is the only species referred to Halosphaeria, although MycoBank lists a number of epithets. This has arisen as Kohlmeyer (1972) transferred various genera with appendaged ascospores to Halosphaeria (Antennospora, Halosphaeriopsis, Remispora). These were reassigned as the result SEM and TEM studies of ascospore appendage development by Jones et al. (1983a, b, c, 1984) and Johnson et al. (1984, 1987). Subsequently, these findings were confirmed by phylogenetic studies by Sakayaroj et al. (2011), Jones et al. (2015, 2017) and Maharachchikumbura et al. (2015).

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