Genus

Salsuginea

Species

ramicola

Author

K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 34(4): 316 (1991)

Class

Dothideomycetes

Order

Pleosporales

Family

Salsugineaceae

Synonymy:

Description

Salsuginea K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 34(4): 315 (1991)

Type species:

Salsuginea ramicola K.D. Hyde, Bot. Mar. 34(4): 316 (1991)

Sexual morph: Saprobic on intertidal mangrove wood, Ascomata immersed, fusiform, conical or subglobose, clypeate, appearing as a raised darkened area with a central ostiole and short neck, solitary. Ascomata 1040-2600 µm high, 455-1430 µm in diameter, fusiform, conical or subglobose, with or without a flattened base, immersed under a darkened clypeus, with a central ostiole and short neck, solitary. Peridium up to 39 µm thick, of round cells at the sides, fusing at the top with the clypeus, thin at the base, Clypeus composed of host cells interspersed with darkened fungal tissue and rounded melanin particles At the margin between the side and the base is a wedge-shaped region of elongate parallel cells. Hamathecium 0.9-1.8 µm in diameter, thin, numerous, anastomosing, in a gel. Asci 440-512 x 29-34 µm, 8-spored, fissitunicate, cylindrical, pedunculate, with an apical apparatus consisting of a large distinctive ocular chamber and prominent ring. Ascospores 59-72 x 24-30 µm uniseriate, unequally 2-celled, obovoid, highly constricted at the septa, brown to black, smooth walled, with hyaline apical germ pores, lacking a mucilaginous sheath. Asexual morph: Undetermined.

Key references:

Ariyawansa HA, Hyde KD, Jayasiri SC, Buyck B, Chetjana KWT, Dai DQ, Dai YC, et al. (2015) Fungal diversity notes 111–252—taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 75: 27-274.

Hyde KD (1991). Helicascus kanaloanus, Heliascus nypae sp. nov. and Salsuginea ramicola gen. et sp. nov. from intertidal mangrove wood. Botanica Marina 4: 311–318.

Jones EBG, Sakayaroj J, Suetrong S, Somrithipol S, Pang K-L (2009) Classification of marine Ascomycota, anamorphic taxa and Basidiomycota. Fungal Diversity 35: 1–203.

Jones EBG, Suetrong S, Sakayaroj J, Bahkali AH, Abdel-Wahab MA, Boekhout T, Pang KL (2015) Classification of marine Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota. Fungal Diversity 73: 1-72.

Kohlmeyer J (1969) Marine fungi of Hawaii including the new genus Helicascus. Canadian Journal of Botany 47: 1469–1487.

Liu JK, Hyde KD, jeewon R, Phillips AJL, Mahatachchikumbura SSN, Ryberg M, Liu ZY, Zhao Q (2017) Ranking higher taxa using divergence times: a case study in Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 84: 75-100.

Suetrong S, Schoch CL, Spatafora JW, Kohlmeyer J, Volkmann- Kohlmeyer B, Sakayaroj J, Phongpaicht S, Tanaka K, Hairayama K, Jones EBG (2009) Molecular systematics of the marine Dothideomycetes. Stud Mycol 64:155–173

Type & Location:

Other Specimens:

Substratum:

saprobic on dead mangrove wood, intertidal wood in mangroves.

Habitat:

Distribution:

Brunei, North Sumatra, Thailand.

Pertinent Literature:

Comments:

Notes: Salsuginea ramicola is a mangrove species, originally described from Thailand (Hyde 1991). Salsuginea was originally thought to be similar to Helicascus, Jones et al. (2009) referred Salsuginea ramicola to the Pleosporales incertae sedis; a genus with similarities to Helicascus (Kohlmeyer 1969, Hyde 1991) while Hyde (1991) suggested the Dothideales incertae sedis. Both genera occur on mangrove wood but the genus Salsuginea differs from Helicascus mainly in terms of morphology. In Salsuginea a single locule develops under a clypeus and thin stroma. The side wall of the ascomata is composed of rounded cells or textura intricata and is thin at the base. The ring surrounding the ocular chamber of the ascus in Salsugineais is also distinctive. Ascospores also differs, as in Salsuginea the apical pores are highly pronounced and mucilaginous sheath is lacking. Salsuginea ramicola clusters with Acrocordiopsis patilii in the phyogenetic tree in a distinct lineage and therefore a new family Salsuginaceae was introduced to accomoadate these two genera, in the Pleosporales (Hyde et al. 2013, Jones et al. 2015). However, Acrocordiopsisis was referred to the Caryosporaceae by Ariyawansa et al. (2015), however, in most of the analyses, Caryosporaceae groups near to Salsuginacea. Even though they are apart in Liu et al. (2017), there is no backbone bootstrap support for that. The family Salsuginaceae is poorly supported in the analysis of families in the Pleosporales by Liu et al. (2017), and further collections are required to determine its taxonomic relationships within the order.

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