Kallichroma
tethys
(Kohlm. & Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm. Mycol. Res. 97: 759 (1993)
Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae
Hypocreales
Bionectriaceae
Sexual morph. Ascomata 275-380 μm high, 315-460μm diam., subglobose or depressed-ellipsoidal, partly or rarelycompletely immersed, ostiolate, epapillate or clypeoid thickened around the ostiole, fleshy-leathery, orange-yellowish, gregarious, or frequently confluent. Necks 17.5-32.5 μm diam., conical, lined with periphyses, 1-2 μm diam. Peridium above and at the sides 70-75 μm thick, at the base 20-30 μm, two-layered, outer layer composed of irregularly polygonal, thick-walled cells of textura angularis, inner layer of elongate, flattened cells that merge into paraphyses. Apical paraphyses 2 μm diam., septate, in the dome of the venter attached to large isodiametric cells with large lumina, finally deliquescing. Asci 90-105 × 15-23 μm, eight-spored, clavate or subcylindrical, short pedunculate, unitunicate, thin-walled at maturity, without apical apparatus, developing at the base of the ascoma venter. Ascospores 17-26 × 8.5-13 μm, uni- or biseriate, ellipsoidal or ovoid, 1-septate somewhat below the centre, slightly constricted at the septum, hyaline, with about six longitudinal ridges, 0.5-0.8 μm diam., running around the spore from one pole to the other. Asexual morph: Undetermined.
Key references:
Abdel-Wahab MA, Bahkali AH, Jones EBG, Elgorban AM, Abdel-Aziz FA, Hodhod MS, Al-Hebshi MO. (2016) Two new species of Kallichroma (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Saudi Arabian mangroves. Phytotaxa. 260(1):66-74.
Jones EBG, Suetrong S, Sakayaroj J, Bahkali AH, Abdel-Wahab MA, Boekhout T, Pang KL (2015) Classification of marine Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota. Fungal Diversity 73: 1-72.
Leong WF, Tan TK, Jones EBG. (1988) Lignicolous marine fungi of Singapore. Canadian Journal of Botany 66: 2167-2170.
Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Mckenzie EHC, Huang SK, Abdel-Wahab MA et al. (2015) Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomcyetes. Fungal Diversity 72: 199-299.
Rossman AY, McKemy JM, Pardo-Schultheiss RA, Schroers HJ. (2001) Molecular studies of the Bionectriaceae using large subunit rDNA sequences. Mycologia 93: 100-110.
Schroers HJ. (2001) A monograph of Bionectria (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Bionectriaceae) and its Chonostachys anamorphs. Studies in Mycology 46: 1-214.
Key to Kallichroma species:
- Ascomata orange in colour, over 250 μm in size 2
- Ascomata hyaline, less than 250 μm in size K. ellipsoideum
- Ascomata epapillate, asci are always 8-spored 3
- Ascomata with large globose papillae, asci 3 to 8-spored K. asperum
- Ascospores with longitudinal ridges on the cell wall K. tethys
- Ascospores lack longitudinal ridges on the cell wall K. glabrum
Image: Kallichroma tethys. (a) Section of erumpent, globose ascoma. (b) Two-layered peridium, outer layer of cells of textura angularis, inner layer of elongated cells. (c) Subcylindrical ascus with hyaline ascospores. (d) Bicelled, hyaline ascospore with cells unequal in length. (e)
Ridges on ascospore wall. Scale bar: a=50 μm; b, c, d, e=10 μm. Photo reproduced with the permission of the National Taiwan Ocean University.