Genus

Toriella

Species

tubulifera

Author

(Kohlm.) K.L.Pang& E.B.G. Jones, Fungal Diversity 46(1): 100 (2011)

Class

Sordariomycetes, subclass Hypocreomycetidae

Order

Microascales

Family

Halosphaeriaceae

Synonymy: ≡ Halosphaeria tubulifera Kohlm., Nova Hedw 2: 312, 1960., = Ceriosporopsis tubulifera (Kohlm.) P.W. Kirk ex Kohlm., Can J Bot 50: 1953, 1972.

Description

Sexual morph. Ascomata globose, cylindrical or elongate, immersed, ostiolate, papillate, coriaceous, brown to black, solitary or gregarious, no catenophyses; asci thin-walled, unitunicate, clavate, pedunculate, no apical pore, deliquescing early; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoidal, 1-septate, with equatorial and polar appendages. Ascospore appendage ontogeny: exosporium folds to form an annulus-like equatorial appendage while the polar appendages are formed inside and end chamber that consist of two electron-dense layers. Asexual morph: Undetermined.

Key references:

Johnson RG, Jones EBG, Moss ST (1987) Taxonomic studies of the Halosphaeriaceae: Ceriosporopsis, Haligena and Appendichordella gen. nov. Canadian Journal Botany 65: 931–942.

Jones EBG (1995) Ultrastructure and taxonomy of the aquatic ascomycetous order Halosphaeriales. Canadian Journal Botany 73 (Suppl 1): S790–S801.

Jones EBG, Suetrong S, Sakayaroj J, Bahkali AH, Abdel-Wahab MA, Boekhout T, Pang KL (2015) Classification of marine Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota. Fungal Diversity 73: 1-72.

Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Mckenzie EHC, Huang SK, Abdel-Wahab MA et al. (2015) Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomcyetes. Fungal Diversity 72: 199-299.

Sakayaroj J, Pang KL, Jones EBG (2011) Multi-gene phylogeny of the Halosphaeriaceae: its ordinal status, relationships between genera and morphological character evolution. Fungal Diversity 46: 87-109.

Type & Location:

Other Specimens:

Substratum:

Saprobic on submerged wood.

Habitat:

Distribution:

Canada, Denmark, England, Germany, Iceland, Sweden, USA, Wales.

Pertinent Literature:

Comments:

NOTES: Toriella tubulifera was initially described as a Halosphaeria species (Kohlmeyer 1960), but transferred to Ceriosporopsis based on the development of the appendages: “an exosporic sheath is pierced apically (or also laterally) by the outgrowth of mucilaginous appendages” (Kohlmeyer 1972). However, in C. tubulifera the exosporium folds to form an annulus-like equatorial appendage and the polar appendage is formed inside an end chamber that consists of two electron-dense layers (Johnson et al. 1987). The polar appendage is not an outgrowth of the spore wall and the end chamber is persistent (Johnson et al. 1987; Jones 1995). Johnson et al. (1987) pointed out that a new genus might be required to accommodate C. tubulifera and this is supported by the molecular data which placed it distantly from the type species C. halima (Sakayaroj et al. 2011). In a multi gene phylogenetic study, T. tubulifera forms a sister clade to Ondiniella torquata in the Halosphaeriaceae with high statistical support. The genus remains monotypic and is accepted in all major classifications (Jones et al. 2015; Marharachchikumbura et al. 2015). Toriella tubulifera is a cold-water species and known from few locations.

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