Verruculina
enalia
(Kohlm.) Kohlm. & Volkm.-Kohlm.
Dothideomycetes, Subclass Pleosporomycetidae
Pleosporales
Testudinaceae
Ascomata: 295-480 μm high, 140-520 μm diam., subglobose, ampulliform or depressed ellipsoidal, black, carbonaceous, partly or completely immersed, clypeate, solitary, ostiolate, papillate.
Necks: 80-145 μm long, 140-300 μm diam., periphysate.
Peridium: 12.5-17.5 μm thick, one-layered, composed of about six or more layers of irregular roundish or elongate, thick-walled cells, forming a textura angularis.
Pseudoparaphyses: 1.5-2 μm diam., septate, rarely branched.
Asci: 117-135 × 12.5-15.5 μm, thick-walled, bitunicate, eight-spored, cylindrical, persistent, pedunculate.
Ascospores: 15.5-23 × 6.5-11 μm, dark brown, ellipsoidal, 1-septate, constricted at the septum, verrucose to verruculose, sometimes with a distinct small, hyaline tubercle at each apex, probably a germ pore.
Culture: -
Anamorph: Undetermined.
Key references:
Alias SA, Jones EBG (2000) Colonization of mangrove wood by marine fungi at Kuala Selangor mangrove stand, Malaysia. In: Aquatic Mycology Across the Millennium. (eds KD Hyde, WH Ho, SB. Pointing). Fungal Divers. 5: 9-21.
Alias SA, Jones EBG (2010) Fungi from Mangroves of Malaysia. Inst. Ocean Earth Sci. Uni., Malaya 1-109.
Jones EBG, Suetrong S, Sakayaroj J, Bahkali AH, Abdel-Wahab MA, Boekhout T, Pang KL (2015) Classification of marine Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Blastocladiomycota and Chytridiomycota. Fungal Divers. 73: 1-72. DOI 10.1007/s13225-015-0339-4
Pang KL, Jheng JS, Jones EBG (2011) Marine mangrove fungi of Taiwan. National Taiwan Ocean Univ., Chilung, pp. 1-131.
Suetrong S, Schoch CL, Spatafora JW, Kohlmeyer J, Volkman-Kohlmeyer B, Sakayaroj J, Phongpaichit S, Tanaka K, Hirayama K, Jones EBG (2009) Molecular systematics of the marine Dothideomycetes. Stud. Mycol. 64: 155-173.
Tan TK, Leong WF, Jones EBG (1989) Succession of fungi on wood of Avicennia alba and A. lanata in Singapore. Can. J. Bot. 67: 2686-2691.
Image: Verruculina enalia. (a) Section of immersed ascoma. (b) Section of short papillate
neck. (c) One-layered peridium of cells of textura angularis. (d) Mature, cylindrical bitunicate
ascus. (e) Dark brown, bicelled ascospore. (f) Ornamentations on ascospore outer wall. Scale
bar: a=50 μm; b, d=30 μm; c, e, f=10 μm. Photo reproduced with the permission of the National Taiwan Ocean University.