Genus

Paradendryphiella

Species

salina

Author

(G.K. Sutherland) Woudenb. & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 207 (2013)

Class

Dothideomycetes, Subclass Pleosporomycetidae

Order

Pleosporales

Family

Pleosporaceae

Synonymy: ≡Cercospora salina G.K. Sutherl., New Phytologist 15: 43 (1916) [MB#215577] ≡Dendryphiella salina (G.K. Sutherl.) Pugh & Nicot, Transactions of the British Mycological Society 47 (2): 266 (1964) [MB#329795] ≡Scolecobasidium salinum (G.K. Sutherl.) M.B. Ellis, More dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 192 (1976

Description

Paradendryphiella Woudenberg & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 207 (2013)

Type species:

Paradendryphiella salina (G.K. Sutherland) Woudenb. & Crous, Studies in Mycology 75: 207 (2013)

≡Cercospora salina G.K. Sutherl., New Phytologist 15: 43 (1916) [MB#215577]

≡Dendryphiella salina (G.K. Sutherl.) Pugh & Nicot, Transactions of the British Mycological Society 47 (2): 266 (1964) [MB#329795]

≡Scolecobasidium salinum (G.K. Sutherl.) M.B. Ellis, More dematiaceous Hyphomycetes: 192 (1976

Index Fungorum Number: 803751 Faceoffungi Number:N/A

Saprobic on marine substrates, Asexual morph: Hyphae: 2-8 µm in diam., septate, hyaline, light brown or light olivaceous. Conidiophores: 15-60 µm long, 4-4.5 µm in diam., macronematous, cylindrical, septate, simple or rarely branched, straight or curved, apically or subapically somewhat swollen, hyaline, light olivaceous or pale brown. Conidia: 14-75 x 6-10 µm, cylindrical or sub-ellipsoidal, with a basal scar, 2-9-septate, predominantly 3- to 5-septate, slightly or not constricted at the septa, straight or somewhat curved, smooth, subhyaline, pale brown or olivaceous, catenate or solitary, acropleurogenous. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Key references:

Borse BD, Bhat DJ, Borse KN, Tuwas AR, Pawar NS (2012). Marine Fungi of India. Broadway Book Centre, India.

Ebel R (2012). Natural products from marine–derived fungi. In: Marine Fungi and Fungal–like Organisms. (eds EBG Jones, Pang KL), De Gruyter, Berlin. pp.411–440.

Ellis MB (1976). Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.

Jennings DH (1986). Fungal growth in the sea. In: The Biology of Marine Fungi. (ed. ST Moss), Cambridge Univ. Press, UK, pp. 1–18.

Jones EBG, Jennings DH (1965). The effect of cations on the growth of fungi. New Phytologist 64: 86–100.

Jones EBG, Klaysuban A, Pang KL (2008) Ribosomal DNA phylogeny of marine anamorphic fungi: Cumulospora varia, Dendryphiella species and Orbimyces spectabilis. The Raffles Bull Zool suppl 19: 11–18.

Pugh GJF, Nicot J (1964). Studies on fungi in coastal soils. V. Dendryphiella salina (Sutherland) comb. Nov. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 447: 263–267.

Sutherland GK (1916aMarine Fungi Imperfecti. New Phytolologist 15: 3548.
Woudenberg JHC, Groenewald JZ, Binder M, Crous PW (2013). Alternaria redefined. Studies in Mycology. 75:171–212.

Key to the marine Paradendryphiella species:

1. Conidia 1–3–septate, never longer than 20 µm P. arenaria

1. Conidia 3–5–septate (–11–septate), longer than 20 µm P. salina

Type & Location:

Other Specimens:

Substratum:

Saprobic on dead seaweeds, dead seagrasses, sand, occasionally on wood substrates. The species is a temperate water species, but it has also been collected on mangrove wood and driftwood in India. Sea foam.

Habitat:

Distribution:

Canada, France, Denmark, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Norway, Sweden, UK, USA.

Pertinent Literature:

Comments:

NOTES: Initially described by Sutherland (1916) from cast seaweed it is found on most intertidal marine substrates, especially algae, and including a wide range of salt marsh plants. Ellis (1976) referred the species to Scolecobasidium but conidial development does not agree with those of that genus. Subsequently, Pugh and Nicot (1964) transferred the species to Dendryphiella, but again conidial development did not follow that of that genus. Jones et al. (2008) in a multigene study of selected asexual marine species showed that the marine Dendryphiella species did not group with type species of that genus. Finally, Woudenberg et al. (2013) introduced the new genus Paradendryphiella for the two–marine species: P. salina and P. arenariae. Paradendryphiella salina is a common species on decaying drift seaweeds and salt marsh plants, even in Indian tropical waters (see Borse et al. 2012 for references). Its physiology has been extensively studied, especially seawater tolerance and movement of cations into the hyphae (Jones and Jennings 1986). Its is also the source of a wide range of bioactive compounds (see Ebel 2012 for references).

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