Genus

Neocamarosporium

Species

salicorniicola

Author

Crous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 32: 273 (2014)

Class

Dothideomycetes, Subclass Pleosporomycetidae

Order

Pleosporales

Family

Neocamarosporiaceae

Synonymy:

Description

Neocamarosporium Crous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 32: 273 (2014)

Type species:

Neocamarosporium goegapense Crous & M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 32: 273 (2014)

Marine species:

Neocamarosporium salicorniicola Dayarathne, E.B.G. Jones & K.D. Hyde,

Saprobic on dead stems of Salicornia sp. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, 75–110 μm high, 80–96 μm diam. (= 94.4 × 88 μm, n = 10), solitary or gregarious, black, superficial, unilocular. Ostiole inconspicuous. Pycnidial wall 7–11 μm wide, comprising 3–4 layers, outer layer heavily pigmented, thick-walled, comprising dark brown cells of textura angularis, cells towards the inside lighter, inner layer comprising 2–3 layers, hyaline, thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, annellidic, doliiform, integrated, solitary, hyaline, smooth-walled, and originated from the inner layer of pycnidium wall. Conidia 8–12 × 4–6 μm (= 10.5 × 4.8 μm; n = 30), oblong, straight to slightly curved, rounded at both ends, 1–3-transversely septate, with one longitudinal septum, muriform, smooth-walled, dark brown, guttulate. Sexual morph: Undetermined.

Key references:

Buchalo AS, Nevo E, Wasser SP, Oren A, Molitoris HP (1998) Fungal life in the extremely hypersaline water of the Dead Sea: first records. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 265:1461–1465.

Butinar L, Sonjak S, Zalar P, Plemenitaš A, Gunde–Cimerman N (2005) Melanized halophilic fungi are eukaryotic members of microbial communities in hypersaline waters of solar salterns. Bot Mar 48: 73–79.

Cantrell SA, Tkavc R, Gunde–Cimerman N, Zalar P, Acevedo M, Báez–Félix C (2013) Fungal communities of young and mature hypersaline microbial mats. Mycologia 105(4):827–836.

Crous PW, Shivas RG, Quaedvlieg W, van der Bank M, Zhang Y, Summerell BA, Guarro J, Wingfield MJ, Wood AR, Alfenas AC, Braun U, Cano–Lira JF, García D, Marin–Felix Y, Alvarado P, Andrade JP, Armengol J, Assefa A, den Breeÿen A, Camele I, Cheewangkoon R, De Souza JT, Duong TA, Esteve–Raventós F, Fournier J, Frisullo S, García–Jiménez J, Gardiennet A, Gené J, Hernández–Restrepo M, Hirooka Y, Hospenthal DR, King A, Lechat C, Lombard L, Mang SM, Marbach PAS, Marincowitz S, Marin–Felix Y, Montaño–Mata NJ, Moreno G, Perez CA, Pérez Sierra AM, Robertson JL, Roux J, Rubio E, Schumacher RK, Stchigel AM, Sutton DA, Tan YP, Thompson EH, van der Linde E, Walker AK, Walker DM, Wickes BL, Wong PTW, Groenewald JZ. 2014. Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 214–280. Persoonia. 32:184–306.

Gunde–Cimerman N, Zalar P, Petrovič U, TurkM, Kogej T, de Hoog GS, Plemenitaš A (2004) Fungi in the salterns. In: Ventosa A (ed) Halophilic microorganisms. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

Gunde–Cimerman N, Ramos J, Plemenitaš A (2009) Halotolerant and halophilic fungi. Mycol Res 113(11):1231–1241.

Kis–Papo T, Grishkan I, Oren A, Wasser SP, Nevo E (2001) Spatiotemporal diversity of filamentous fungi in the hypersaline Dead Sea. Mycol Res 105:749–756.

Papizadeh M, Wijayawardene NN, Amoozegar MA, Saba F Fazeli SAS, Hyde KD (2017). Neocamarosporium jorjanensis, N. persepolisi and N. solicola spp. nov. (Neocamarosporiaceae, Pleosporales) isolated from saline lakes of Iran indicate the possible halotolerant nature for the genus. Mycological Progress. 1–19.

Wanasinghe DN, Hyde KD, Jeewon R, Crous PW, Wijayawardene NN, Jones EBG, Bhat DJ, Phillips AJL, Groenewald JZ, Dayarathne MC, Phukhamsakda C, Thambugala KM, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E, Gafforov Y. Mortimer PE, Karunarathna SC (2017). Phylogenetic revision of Camarosporium (Pleosporinae, Dothideomycetes) and allied genera. Studies in Mycology. 87: 207–256.

Key to the marine species from salt marsh plants and salt lakes:

1. Occurring on salt marsh plants 2

1. On other substrates and sediments 3

2.Conidia 8–12 × 4–6 μm, dark brown, muriform N. salicorniicola

2.Conidia 9–11.5 x 3.5–5 μm, pale yellow to brownish, 1–septate N. obiones

3. On tortoiseshell N. chersinae

3. Isolated from sediment from saline lakes 4

4. Conidia (9–)11–12(−13) × 4–7(−8) μm, muriform, globose to obovoid to

ellipsoid, golden brown N. jorjanensis

4. Conidia (8–)12(−16) × (2–)2.5(−4) μm, muriform, variable from globose to

obovoid to ellipsoid, golden brown N. persepolisi

4. Conidia (8–)12(−16) × (2–)2.5(−4) μm, ellipsoid to tear–drop–shaped

hyaline, N. solicola

Type & Location:

Other Specimens:

Substratum:

On intertidal stem of Salicornia sp.

Habitat:

Distribution:

Thailand

Pertinent Literature:

Comments:

NOTES: The genus Neocamarosporium was introduced by Crous et al. (2014) and includes fourteen species with two known from marine habitats: N. salicorniicola and N. obiones (=Ascochyta obiones), both from salt marsh plants. Furthermore, Neocamarosporium chersinae was collected from angulate tortoise shell in Robben Island (South Africa) which would also be a possible marine born fungus. During research on the fungal diversity in saline soil of Iran, Papizadeh et al. (2017) showed that marine to saline environments can be the most preferred ecological niches for Neocamarosporium species. It is also interesting to note that the species which were collected from marine to saline habitats are phylogenetically closely related (Wanasinghe et al. 2017). The latter postulated that further taxonomic sampling is warranted to clarify inter–generic taxonomic relationships while describing the new taxa from marine habitats and their affinities to the current marine species in this genus. Papizadeh et al. (2017) introduce three Neocamarosporium species from saline soil in Iran: Neocamarosporium jorjanensis, N. persepolisi and N. solicola. In previous reviews of marine fungi (Jones et al. 2009, 2015), those from salterns, inland saline lakes, fungi from hypersaline waters of the Dead Sea, have not been included. These studies focused on those isolated from coastal and oceanic waters. There are some rich fungal communities in such habitats as documented by Buchalo et al. (1998), Butinar et al. (2005), Cantrell et al. (2013), Gunde–Cimerman et al. ( 2004, 2009) nad Kis–Papo et al. (2001).

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